Electoral College Proposal Essay -- Papers Government Politics Electio

Electoral College Proposal Imagine for a moment that a young man has been working hard all day on his own farm. He is the typical hard-working, middle-class American, not unlike Americans today. Normally this young man puts in a good twelve hours worth of work, but on this particularly special day, he relieves himself early. It is Election Day. He considers himself patriotic and takes this day very seriously. He casts his vote and comes home just in time to tuck his son into bed. He sleeps soundly through the night, knowing that he has helped to shape the country he loves so dearly. The next day, he learns that the man he voted for is not his new Commander in Chief. This man is not typically a sore loser, but in this particular instance, he is furious. The man he had voted for received the majority of the popular vote, but had not been elected as President by the Electoral College. We should amend Article II, Section 1, the portion of the Constitution that calls for the Electoral College, because the current system of presidential elections does not necessarily represent the will of the people. With all of the problems surrounding our country?s most recent election, it is easy to recognize that something is not right with our current system of presidential elections. If this system of elections is flawed and needs to be changed, then why was it ever implemented in the first place? Our founding fathers implemented this system for several reasons, primarily to prevent ?the masses? (Parkinson) from electing someone whom the educated political leaders did not think was best for the nation. Dumbauld says that in 1787, the year of the Constitutional Convention, there was fear that a foreign power could put forth a... ...s ?represented of the people, by the people, and for the people.? If we, the people, do not agree with something in the government, it is our right and responsibility, to take action. Speak or write a letter to the area?s congressmen. They are required to listen. Remember, in a truly democratic society, every voice is heard and every voice counts. Bibliography: Blight, Chudacoff, Escott, Katzman, Norton, Patterson, and Tuttle. Since 1865. New York: Houghtom Mifflin, 1998. Vol. 2 A People and a Nation. 2 vols. 1998. Dumbauld, Edward. The Constitution of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964. Hamilton, Alexander. Anti-Federalists versus Federalists: Union as a Barrier to Faction and Insurrection. 1788. Ed. J. D. Lewis. San Francisco: 124 Spear Street, 1967. Parkinson, Thomas J. Personal interview. 23 Nov. 2000

Cultural Acceptance in Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis Essay

Marjane Satrapi‘s graphic novel Persepolis is an autobiography that depicts her childhood up to her early adult years in Iran during and after the Islamic revolution. Throughout the novel Satrapi incorporates character development, religion, and the conflict of freedom vs. confinement in order to develop a greater appreciation between two opposing eastern and western cultures. When analyzing the current relationship between eastern and western cultures, it seems as if tensions and conflict arise from a complex and layered set of problems. These issues range from political, economic and military stances to opposing cultural beliefs. The genesis of these issues arises in a lack of empathy for the people in each nation. Satrapi uses character development to form a persona surrounding her childhood that makes the reader understand the human aspect of someone they would otherwise not relate to. The focus on her childhood establishes innocence. This innocence is what initially gives the reader the ability to view a different prospective with an open mindset. Satrapi also builds on this innocence with events in her childhood that can be appreciated by both eastern and western cultures. When she interacts with her friends they talk about romance and the opposite sex, dreaming of their price coming to save them. This is not something that is exclusive to young Iranian girls, but to all young girls. This similarity pulls the reader’s attention away from the fact that Marjane Satrapi is Iranian and builds a focus simply on that fact that she is a person with the same emotions and feelings as the reader. Satrapi also establishes the persona of her childhood through her personal morals. Throughout Persepolis Satrapi is vehemently concerned with social injustice, and is seen as a very empathetic child. She gets mad at the suffering of those who are in a lower social class because she sees how tormented they are. In chapter 3 of the novel Marjane takes a bath for hours in an attempt to understand how her grandfather felt in a water-filled torture cell. The reader incorporates the beliefs, morals, desires, fears, and overall  likeness that Satrapi conveys in her novel and gains a greater understanding of relationship all people possess through human nature. Although humanity shares a similarity in their greater design, there are still strong ideals that have existed since the foundation of civilized society. History has shown that the ideals formed through religion have become the most confrontational between differing cultures; however, Satrapi chooses the general aspects of faith and devotion and uses them as a connection between eastern and western religion. The more obvious physical differences between religions that Satrapi presents are pointed out in Joseph Darda’s article when he says â€Å"In this set of panels1, Satrapi introduces the reader to a familiar image, an Iranian woman in traditional hijab. Satrapi describes how most women hated the outfit because of the heat and awkward fit, but also appreciated the sense of security it gave them.† The hijab is something that the western audience cannot fully understand, however it is another example of how Satrapi is leading the readers to understanding Arabic culture. What stands out as the strongest tie between the east and west is the theme of freedom and confinement that both cultures value and desire. When comparing the Iranian revolution and the American Revolution the desire for freedom is a shared stake the two nations fought to obtain. The American colonies sought freedom from the British Empire and the corruption that was oppressing them. The Islamic Republic sought the same freedom from the oppression and corruption established in the Pahlavi dynasty, under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. Even though the two ideals grew into conflicting ideals the reader is able to appreciate a universal right of freedom. By connecting the desired independence sought by both revolutions, the reader sees the seemingly opposed political powers were founded by the same ideal. Satrapi’s parents’ desire for her education is what initially keeps the family from leaving. The reason then becomes the militant control of the city and the constant fightin g that prevents them. Eventually Satrapi’s parents see how dangerous it is and send her away, yet they make the choice to stay. It seems odd that her parents wouldn’t leave with her. When analyzing the statistical data presented in the â€Å"Middle East Research Information  Project,† the casualties witnessed by Marjane and her family, â€Å"rose near eight thousand just in their hometown† (MERIP, 3). The death of Iranian citizens was not only brought by the fighting of the Mujahedeen rebel army, but anyone that was seen as a threat to their new ideals. Executions were common and always practiced in public according to Keith Jones’s article, â€Å"Tragedy of the Iranian Revolution.† In the face of this present danger it is hard for the reader to comprehend the logic in wanting to stay amongst the violence. What Satrapi presents as reasoning to the reader is the fact that her parents have always lived in Iran. They don’t know anything else. To evacuate raises a lot more internal conflicts for her parents than it would for their daughter who has not had time to settle in one area. Ultimately the decision not to leave goes beyond cultural ties, educational reasoning, or even being forced to stay. There is a natural tendency for man to become complacent and turn a blind eye to the evadable. Its human condition. People do not wish to think about the possibility of their entire lives being changed for better or worse. Even though this aspect of conflict is not shared by all of her readers, Satrapi’s descriptions instill sympathy and draw on the readers’ pathos in order to connect their emotions. Since the genesis of mankind, people have identified and sought their own uniqueness. Personal characteristics that define what they are viewed as. Man’s uniqueness does not have to be a source of conflict, but rather something to be appreciated. This is the moral that Satrapi is conveying by connecting eastern and western regions. Satrapi use of character development, religion, and values of freedom as a common ground for an understanding to be built between these two cultures. Ultimately Satrapi wishes for the reader to use her story as a way to not only appreciate personal uniqueness, but appreciate the uniqueness of others as well. As a civilization moving towards this concept of acceptance, a new ability to maintain peace and harmony will be nurtured. It seems ironic that an author such as Marjane Satrapi would be so bold in her value of mutual respect given all of the violence and persecution she endured throughout her early life; however, it is those negative experience s that give her the desire to live in dedication towards equality. Works Cited Darda, Joseph. â€Å"Graphic Ethics.† Theorizing the Face in Marjane Satrapi’s â€Å"Persepolis† 40.2 Iran’s Revolution: The First Year. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Research Information Project, 1980. Print. Jones, Keith. â€Å"World Socialist Web Site.† Tragedy of the Iranian Revolution. WSWS.org, 11 Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. New York, NY: Pantheon, 2003. Print. Annotated Bibliography Darda, Joseph. â€Å"Graphic Ethics.† Theorizing the Face in Marjane Satrapi’s â€Å"Persepolis† 40.2 (2013): 31-51. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. Journalist Joseph Darda discusses the implications of the Iranian revolution. In this article there is a focus on the political as well as social aspects that this conflict induced. This article was chosen because of its moderate stance on the Iranian revolution. Both sides of the conflict were presented. Iran’s Revolution: The First Year. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Research Information Project, 1980. Print. The Middle East Research Information Project’s article presented statistical findings surrounding war time casualties, Iranian economy, and global market as well as psychological research. It was chosen mainly for its non-bias scientific reports and statistical data. Jones, Keith. â€Å"World Socialist Web Site.† Tragedy of the Iranian Revolution. WSWS.org, 11 Feb. 2009. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. Keith Jones focuses on class conflict and the consequences that the Iranian revolution has on the caste system in Iran during the late twentieth century. This article was chosen because of the cultural conflict Mr. Jones presents, and how it relates to similar conflicts in Persepolis Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. New York, NY: Pantheon, 2003. Print. Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis tells the story of her childhood and the trials she faced with her family during the Iranian Revolution. This work was chosen because of its focus on the implications and consequences of cross cultural conflict Outline I Introduction a Background Information Thesis: Throughout the novel Satrapi incorporates character development, religion, and the conflict of freedom vs. confinement in order to develop a greater appreciation between two opposing eastern and western cultures. b Transition II Body 1- Character Development a Main Point: Character Development b Relation to novel c Explanation d Text Support: Descriptions of Marjanes childhood persona Chapter 3- taking long bath (empathy) e Tie into thesis & transition to next topic> III Body 2- Religion a Main Point: Religion is seen as opposing, but still carries same virtues b Relation to novel c Explanation d Text Support: Quote from Joseph Darda’s article e Tie into thesis & transition to next topic> IV Freedom & Confinement a Main Point: The desire to overcome oppression and obtain freedom is a foundation of both cultures. Marjane and family’s lack of freedom inspires emotion from the reader. b Relation to novel c Explanation d Text Support: Statistics from MERIP Quote from Keith Jones Article e Tie into thesis & transition to next topic> V Conclusion a Summarize main points and draw back to thesis b Reworded thesis c Personal moral learned/taught

African Americans And The Juvenile Justice System

Race and Sentencing It has been brought up that certain race and ethic affects a person’s sentencing. Many studies have addressed the question are African Americans treated more severely than similarly situated whites? (Mitchell, 2005). Observers had indeed noted that black defendants get more severe sentencing than white defendants do (Spohn, 1981). For many years’ social scientist has examined this theory and came up with three explanations, racial discrimination, Wealth discrimination, and legal factors (Sellin, 1928). These three explanations all direct back to blacks because blacks are more likely to be poor, so they are wealth discriminated. Also, legal factors point to blacks because black defendants are more likely to have a serious charge or criminal record than whites do. Some researchers examine whether race has an impact on juveniles being convicted in the adult system (Howell, 2012) as well. Research has shown that sentencing is different between African Americans and Caucasians in many ways. First we will identify the two types of justice systems. There is the juvenile justice system, that was to be an alternative for juveniles and the punishments that the criminal justice system utilized (John Wiley, 2012). The thought behind the Juvenile system was the thought of rebuilding and restructure to rehabilitate the prisoner. The criminal justice system is set to punish those who know right from wrong for crimes they have committed. The correctional facilityShow MoreRelatedMinority Minorities And The Juvenile Justice System900 Words   |  4 PagesDisproportionate Minority Contact Minority children are exposed to the juvenile justice system at a higher percentage than their white peers. Minority children are over represented at every level of the judicial process. Minority children are more likely to be charged, detained, and confined. The proportion of minorities increases as each level becomes more restrictive. Research also indicates that minority children receive harsher treatment than Caucasian children do. Minority children are moreRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe high incarceration rate of juveniles is a significant social problem that affects society as a whole as well as the youth’s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in the juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes h as a deep-rooted history in the United States. â€Å"For moreRead More85% More Times That Whites. They Are Only 14% Of The Drug1399 Words   |  6 Pagesuse. African americans are 2 to 11 times higher to be stopped and searched than whites (Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). When it comes down to it all minorities have disadvantages when it comes to equality in our justice system? Religious discrimination against muslim americans is increasing at a rapid pace. Studies have shown that race plays a major factor in the severity of a punishment. For example Dylan Roof, a white male that slaughtered nine african american churchRead MoreDisproportionate Minority Contact739 Words   |  3 Pagesdisproportionately represented throughout juvenile justice systems in nearly every state in the nation. Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in juvenile justice occurs when minority youth come into contact with the system at a higher rate than their white counterparts. African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprise a combined one-third of the nations youth population. Yet they account for over two-thirds of the youth in secure juvenile facilities (Armour Hammond,Read MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African American Juveniles1487 Words   |  6 PagesDisciplinary changes applied to the juvenile justice system in ad dition to negative impressions of juvenile males have caused juvenile male incarceration rates to surge. African American male juveniles encounter racial differences in society everyday due to view that media portrays them to be. Racial bias amongst these juvenile African American males is the principal cause of their incarceration rates climbing higher each year. The lives of these juveniles are seriously altered after being incarceratedRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Reflective Of Their National Population1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare roughly 79,000 adolescents held at juvenile facilities all across the United States (Sickmund Puzzanchera, 2014). Of that population, Latino and African American youth represent the majority of those in confinement. This is a problem because the overrepresentation of minorities within the juvenile justice system is not reflective of their national population percentages. Nationally, Latino and African American youth only comprise 38% of the total juvenile population combined, while CaucasianRead MoreJuvenile Crimes And Juvenile Crime1620 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Crimes Juvenile crime occurs when a person violates the criminal law under the age of majority (in most states it’s 18). The juvenile system is way different than the adult system. When a juvenile commits a crime there are legal consequences for their actions depending on what he/she did. Sometimes the system can put them in rehabilitation or a detention center. If the offense is minor, the juvenile could be released to the custody of a parent or legal guardian. In the United StatesRead MoreNegative Effects Of Racial Profiling1573 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper will give a highly detailed view of the effects that racial profiling has on juvenile offenders while focusing on minorities. It will also illustrate researched statistics on diverse ethnic groups, environmental backgrounds, and how they correlate with the fear that stems from racial profiling. Details will be provided on how each ethnic group is directly affected by racial profiling, how stop and frisk laws are unequivocally bias towards certain minority groups, and how policeRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System860 Words   |  4 PagesOnce youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. So once juvenile is making face to face contact with the police officers , his life is in the hands of that officer who can make very important and sometimeRead MoreCriminal Justice And The Juvenile Justice System1689 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Criminal Justice Criminal Justice is such a broad subject and workforce. At this point in time criminal justice is needed more than ever in America and the world as we know it today. The criminal justice system has improved more and more throughout history by changing something as simple as law enforcement officer’s purpose and who they are taking orders from. The objective of this analysis is to break down these three criminal justice subjects: the juvenile justice system, prison life and

Nike Case Study - 899 Words

Transnational Corporation Case Study: Nike What is it? NIKE, Inc. is the world’s leading innovator in athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories. Before there was the Swoosh, before there was Nike, there were two visionary men who pioneered a revolution in athletic footwear that redefined the industry. Nike Employees Nike Employee Networks are designed to help Nike move toward greater diversity. In the U.S., six employee networks focus attention on important communities within Nike. The intended role of each network is to foster professional development, enhance work performance, identify mentors, assist in recruiting diverse professionals, develop increased community interaction, and encourage improved teamwork and†¦show more content†¦When a girl in the developing world realizes her potential, she isn’t the only one who escapes poverty - she brings her family, community, and country with her. It’s a leverage strategy that can’t be beat. That’s why adolescent girls are an exclusive focus. Investing in a girl stops poverty before it starts. Many girls migrate from the rural areas of Kenya to the city of Nairobi in search of opportunity. But quickly, these girls find that opportunities are limited. With no education and no prospects, often, she is left with her only asset: her body. The Nike Foundation however, meant that girls could go into employment legally and safely. This then benefitted the host country as there was more legal employment and less spread of illness or disease. Benefits for the host country Increased education levels as girls are being educated to work rather than using her body to earn money, therefore better jobs can be found and therefore more money can be put back into the country. The increase in the level of jobs can provide better employment for people living in that country therefore increased money put back into the country. Drawbacks for the host county As many young girls are moving to the city to find employment in these factories, the population left in the rural areas is ageing. This means that less work will be able to be done and is known as a ‘brain drain’ where all the talented young people move out of an area in search of jobShow MoreRelatedNike Case Study1004 Words   |  5 PagesRSS Case Study: E-recruitment gets Nike on track Posted by HR Zone in Strategies on Thu, 09/12/2004 - 16:54 0 inShare The Nike employer brand is extremely powerful in attracting potential talent to the business making the process of handling applications and supporting the resourcing process effectively and efficiently critical to business success; implementing e-recruitment was identified as the way to solve this businesses hiring problems. The issue Nike currently receives aroundRead MoreNike Case Study1112 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study- Nike 1. Discuss how Nikes growth can be attributed to its targeting of diverse market global segments. In the 1960’s Nike was only making running shoes. At this point in time not many people knew of Nike or the Nike swoosh. In order to increase brand awareness, they started paying athletes to wear their shoes. However, very soon Nike learnt that in order to be a global brand they needed to appeal to different market segments, not just athletes. Hence, they then decided to tapRead MoreNike Case Study1494 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: This paper is a case study of Nike Inc. I will give a brief overview of the history, products, company goals, company challenges, financial report and sourcing strategies. My main sources of information are internet databases, company annual reports, and financial articles. Company Overview: Nike Nike incorporated, the worlds leading designer and marketer of authentic athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitness activitiesRead MoreCase Study Nike765 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Amanda Merkatz Management 301-02 Case Study 11 11252895 1. How does Nike’s decision to retain an in-house arm of ad agency Wieden Kennedy exemplify the concept of organizational design? The decision to retain an in-house arm of ad agency exemplify the concept of organizational design, makes you look at how both companies interpret organizational design. Organizational design is the process of creating structures that accomplish the company’s missions and objectives. First looking at the textRead MoreCase Study on Nike1252 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study Nike Introduction Good morning ladies and gentlemen and thank for taking the time to meet with us. Nike was founded on January 25, 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight. The company officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1978. Nike has various products which include footwear as well as other apparel that compliment the former. This accounts for 92 percent of the company’s revenue. The other 8 percent comes from equipment and non Nike brand products, such as ColeRead MoreNike Case Study1779 Words   |  8 PagesNike Case Study Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For Master of Business Administration Degree Tiffin University at University of Bucharest Information and Decision Support Course By Ciprian Jitaru Instructor: Prof. John J. Millar Ph.D. Dean Emeritus and Professor of Management Cohort 9 November 06, 2010 1. What external and internal pressures did Mark Parker face when he assumed the leadership of Nike, and how did he respond to this challenges? Read MoreNike Case Study1104 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study- Nike 1. 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But outsourcing its manufacturing divisions into foreign countries doesn ´t release Nike from the responsibility. During a developing process manufacturing is one of the most important intermediate steps and because of

Prescription Drug Abuse Is A Serious Problem - 1547 Words

Bailey Glanville Mrs. Landgrebe Advanced Composition/4 21 December 2014 Research Paper Prescription drug abuse is a serious problem in today’s society. Prescription drug abuse is taking medicine prescribed for someone else, for another purpose, a larger dose than prescribed, in a different way than one is specifically prescribed. (â€Å"Prescription Medline† par. 1). This includes using a prescription to get high by crushing, snorting, or injecting them (â€Å"Prescription Medline† par. 4 and 5). By using these methods to put them into the body, it gives a stronger high than by just consuming it (â€Å"Signs of Painkiller Abuse Addiction† par. 2). Even though prescription drug misuse and abuse can be found among all age groups, it is most common in†¦show more content†¦1), which is approximately 20% of the entire US population (â€Å"Prescription Drug Abuse† par. 1). Prescription drug abuse may be most persistent in the US but is also a problem in many areas around the world â€Å"including Europe, Southern Africa, and South Asia† (â€Å"Prescription Facts† par. 2) In 2010, around â€Å"16 million Americans reported using a prescription drug for nonmedical reasons in the past year† (â€Å"Featured† par. 3). Addiction is a â€Å"chronic, often relapsing brain disease causing compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences to the person and people around them† (â€Å"Prescription Drug Abuse† par. 3). Abusing these drugs causes changes in the structure and function of the brain (â€Å"Prescription Drug Abuse† par. 3). Reactions vary between people when taking drugs because no person’s body chemistry is the same (â€Å"Prescription Facts† par. 4). Signs, causes, and risk factors for drug abuse should be something everyone looks for. â€Å"Signs of prescription drug abuse include: stealing, forging, or selling drugs, excessive mood swings, poor decision making, and continually â€Å"losing† prescriptions to get more† (â€Å"Prescription† page 2). â€Å"Causes of prescription drug abuse are: to feel good or get high, relax or relieve tension, reduce appetite or increase alertness, maintain addiction/prevent withdraw, acceptance from peers/be social, or improve academic performance† and is

Bandura’s Social Modeling Free Essays

Albert Bandura argues that personality is shaped not only by environmental influences on the person, but also by the person’s ability to influence the environment. Social learning states that thinking is an important determinant of behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Bandura’s Social Modeling or any similar topic only for you Order Now The inclusion of cognitive viewpoints within a behavioral framework has been a relatively recent trend, especially apparent in the work of personality learning theorist J.B. Rotter. Rotter believes that the most important variables in determining personality are the person’s expectations concerning future outcomes and the values of different reinforcements that might occur in a particular situation (Atkinson et al., 2000; Smith et al., 2001). In other words, a person’s behavior depends on what he expects the outcome to any particular action to be and what those outcomes are worth. The likelihood that someone will be aggressive when trying to return a merchandise to a department store would depend then, on that person’s expectation about whether or not aggression will work (Atkinson et al., 2000). In Bandura’s viewpoint, human motives (Atkinson et al. 2000; Papalia, 2002).   With this premise, the theory is basically leaning toward the philosophical idea of freedom.   Man is free to chart his course and how he is supposed to fulfill his various needs; i.e. his physiological dimension. In addition, the manner with which he carves himself in a particular niche that satisfies his psychological domains is also based on his own volition. There is no flavor of unconscious thoughts pervading motivation like when the idea of psychological instincts being interpreted within Maslow’s understanding; in contrast to this notion, any individual can basically control their own behavior. This theory believes on the capacities of human nature to achieve what man wants to achieve rather than be held captive by forces within him or in his external world; it is the internal determinants such as we may choose skills to lie dormant or latent (Papalia et al., 2002; Smith et al., 2002). For example, i may not imitate aggressive behavior unless i am provoked or/and believe that I am more likely to be rewarded by it than punished for it. Since the premise of this theory hinges on freedom, a person’s characteristics therefore are developed by social influences. According to Bandura and later by personality theorist Rotter, Observational Learning,   accounts for most human learning. It occurs when, as children, in my case for instance, I observe my parents cook, clean, or repair a broken appliance. Biology or heritability is deemphasized, rather the value of being introduced on a particular aspect or several aspects of human experience is basis or the basis for the development of human characteristics. There is evidence that observational learning for simple â€Å"single action† tasks, such as opening the halves of a toy barrel to look at a barrel inside, occurs as early as one year (Smith et al., 2001). This theory eventually emphasizes individuality or uniqueness, as it fundamentally illustrates in its assertion that every one has the capability for breakthroughs in circumstances which may be difficult. Man is also capable to learn and communicate about himself and others (Papalia et al., 2002; Smith et al., 2002). Observational learning is not mechanically acquired through reinforcement. We can learn by observation without engaging in overt responses at all. It appears sufficient to pay attention to the behavior of others (Atkinson et al., 2000). Since man is free, unique and has the possibilities to accomplish whatever he is set to do, it is also asserted that man is proactive: he can choose how to respond in any situation and may even extend himself to advance his interests, both positive and negative at whatever goal or in whatever circumstance he may be in (Papalia et al., 2002; Smith et al., 2002; Atkinson et al., 2000). The theory overall is hopeful and positive in every essence.   Individuals then have all the chances to make their lives fulfilling, impact others on virtues of honesty, charity and generosity, if and when he determines himself to be one. Likewise, he can also influence and negatively affect those that surround him when he chooses to do so. In this perspective then, an individual has high hopes of changing his attitudes and disposition, as well as his physical arrangements in life (Papalia et al., 2002; Smith et al., 2002). How to cite Bandura’s Social Modeling, Papers

Destructive Consequences of World War I

Question: Demonstrate how the text World War I is an example of Modernist ideology. What qualities does it have that categorize it as such? Answer: In the 19th century, a literary movement initiated when people were exhausted from the destructive consequences of World War I. The war dismantled the socio-economic culture and reaped apart the soul of the citizens. Robert Frost and other pioneers of modern literature mitigated the disturbed mind of the people with their literary composition that profoundly depicted the artistic side of the life. Modern poetry and literature were the demulcents that gave them respite from blemishes of anguish and distress that they got from the war (Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, and Robert Faggen). The modernistic poetries accentuated the theme of frustration anguish and loneliness that the war inflicted on the society. Many critics have recommended that Robert Frost is more of a pastoral poet as the subject of his poetry concentrated more on nature. According to Steven Gould, The fact that escaped the perspective of the critics is that how amazingly he acclimatizes the events with the state of na ture in his poetry. Robert Frost is incomparable as a poet, and not all his poetry is about nature. Like in the poem Mending Wall, the poet establishes two speakers- the narrator and his neighbor who are diverse from each other. This poem is about fencing oneself in and forming relationship through banishment. As said by Gioia, the poem commences with the speaker mourning that his "apple tree" cannot cross the border and devours the cones that are lying under his neighborhood's pine tree. In return, the speaker assures that "good fences" is necessary to make "good neighbor." Mending Wall is modern in the deeper sense as it defines the complexity of human relationship. Here the traditional belief and modernity come into conflict as it gauge on both the necessity of communication and about the essentiality of limitation in a relationship (George). The poem explores the sense of contradiction that the present day men are encountering. On one hand they rebel against the barriers like nation and religion that are separating them from their loved ones and on the contrary they are not rea dy to bring down the fences that are setting them apart with their neighbor. "All pine" may signify the traditional way of thinking and "apple" here may denote the modernity that lies in spreading out like orchard and embracing everyone. Frost does not take sides and elucidates the problem in an objective manner. Reflection of Frost's modernistic notion is in the fact where he projects that contradiction is a problem that is quite difficult to overcome. According to Vandana, The title of the poem illustrates that if one cannot mend the world, destroying it will be reasonable. Modernistic perspective is demolition of all ideas and establishing of new. After Apple picking is a poem that explores the visionary possibilities of the true glory of life. . Labor here is the symbolization of the spirit. After apple, picking is a radiant recapitulation of experience. The sweet fragrance of the apple reflects the richness and sensuality that swiftly makes it way to the recurrent idea of death. The word sleep' occurs six times in the poem and on one occasion twice in a sentence. Frost dexterously designs the ambiguity that darkens the environment of the poem. He traps the readers in a domain with the simplicity of his writing style and the readers hardly ever see any field of complaining (Leonard). The poet climbs the tree with his "ladder" which is pointed towards the "heaven". Here the poet symbolically relates the journey of human being towards death. The last five lines of the poem the poet anguishes about the abundant harvest he had desired. The poet is "overtired" of the "great harvest" as the there were "ten thousand fruit" that he w anted to enjoy. Through this, he wants to explain how uncertain human life is. He draws a mystical adventure out of the day-to-day events that take place in one's life. Modernism lies in procuring profound insight out of simple happenings of human life. His postmodernist ways of thinking make him more paradoxical by nature. The poem displays depression and the futility that engulfed the life of the people after World War I. He cuts out the picture of discrepancies in human being in the modern days. Frost poems exhibit the structure of the symbolist and metaphysical poetry (Owens). Deriving the symbols from simple day-to-day mundane subjects makes the poem visceral. Lucy Larcom the American poet was highly motivated by the Robert Frosts Birches. The poet writes this poem based on his own childhood memory about the Birch tree where he used to play. The speaker here sees the branch of the birch tree swinging from left to right in comparison to the trees that are standing straight. However, his fantasy was broken when he realized ice storm was rocking the tree. In the poem, the swinging of the birch trees represents the desire to escape the hard realities of adulthood. In morning of winter days, the ice storm freezes the branches and the sun reflects on them that make them shine brilliantly. Here the poet depicts the pain of growing up. As a boy, he used to climb the birch tree to touch the sky but now in his adulthood the speaker is climbing to reach the "heaven" so that he can get away from the muddle of adulthood. Here he also explains that life is like pathless wood that is why he wants to get away from it for a while. As said by David, The fre edom in imagination is an alluring thought that indicates the modernity in the process of reflection of the poet. Abundant thinking through a simple incident is what makes Robert Frost a modern poet. The poet used blank verse and has emphasized on sound sensing. The music that nature creates through cracking of the icy branches and clicking of the ice-covered branches are delightful. The poem comprises of youth, natural world and most importantly spirituality. In the poem, the realization of truth is the main part of the theme. Internal tension of what actually has happened and what the poet wants to happen brings the sublimity in this poem. The frustration of adulthood is unbearable for the poet and that is why he intends to climb the birch tree to escape to the heaven. The poem emphasizes pathos of adulthood and complexity of human life. This kind of modernistic approach of theme is only possible by Robert Frost. The philosophical and didactic tone establishes the modernistic view of the poem (George). The poet wants triumph of unreality over reality. He has portrayed the modern picture where imagination is better than the reality. The thought of young boy jumping on the birch tree causing it to sway is more appealing than the assault of the ice storm on the branches. In the poem Stopping by the woods, the speaker is engrossed with a scenario in around him. Robert Frost presents a view that captivates the narrator in such a way that he halts his carriage and keeps on gazing at the mystifying beauty of the woods. The approach of the poetry creates an illusion in the mind of the readers makes them think that the woods have mystic power that is holding back the narrator. Frosts symbols define and explain each other. For example, the woods the speaker enjoys looking on are opposing him to from keeping his promise. Frost is a poet neither of the mountains and nor of the woods although he writes both. The first stanza of the poem starts with an ambivalent tone that shows imaginative turmoil that composes its debate. According to Henry, the ambiguity of the narrators response to the woods caught in the contradiction between the relieved, conversational idiom of the first three lines and dj vu like elucidated details and verbal music of the last. The mode rnity of the poem lies in the structure of the poem. Death is the significant part of the theme. The lovely woods here symbolize the bed of death where the narrator can lie down in peace. The horse in anticipation shakes his bell to alert the speaker about his duty (Rotella). Symbolism in this poetry shows the modernistic principles. The precipitance and weariness that prevails in the daily life of the modern society instigated the narrator to stop by the dark and deep woods so that he can find moments of solitude. Robert Frost illustrates here the feeling of frustration and deep regret that is tormenting the souls of the people in modern society. However, he again warns that living beings are mere puppets that the destiny controls (Angela). The narrator jerks back to his conscience and realizes that he has mundane responsibilities to fulfill. He needs to wake up and keep on going as he has "promises to keep". The poet here has described the modern day dilemma that an individual con front. The last line repeats itself twice to create resonance. After all, this could be a metaphorical reference to the brief span of human life. The narrator compels himself to continue the journey, as he knows that life is short and as long as he lives, he has to execute the duties. Modernism was a movement of philosophy, cultural and changes that transformed the society from 19th century onwards. World War I and industrial growth drained out the very spirit of the community. The modernist poets like Robert Frost with their modernistic view reconstructed the artistic dogma of the community. Reference: Axelrod, Steven Gould.Robert Lowell: Life and Art. Princeton University Press, 2015. Diepeveen, Leonard.The difficulties of modernism. Routledge, 2013. Frost, Robert. "The Letters of Robert Frost, Volume 1: 1886-1920."Ed. Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, and Robert Faggen. Cambridge: Belknap P of Harvard UP(2014). Gilbert, Roger.Walks in the World: Representation and Experience in Modern American Poetry. Princeton University Press, 2014. Gioia, Dana. "robert frost and the Modern narrative."The Virginia Quarterly Review89.2 (2013): 185. Goyal, Vandana. "Disillusionment in the Poetry of Philip Larkin with Special Reference to his At Grass, Vers de Societe, Wants, Going, High Windows and Lines On a Young Lady's Photograph Album."Labyrinth: An International Refereed Journal of Postmodern Studies5.4 (2014). Hart, Henry. 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